Solana Program Logic

Review verification, token incentive system, and voting mechanism while converting them to the Solana development model.

1. Review Verification Logic

Tie reviews to transactions by storing and verifying interactions between users and businesses on-chain.

Step-by-Step Flow in Solana:

  • User Makes a Transaction: A user interacts with a business, which is recorded as an on-chain transaction on Solana. We verify this using Solana's Program Derived Addresses (PDA) to ensure only verified users can submit reviews.

  • Program Account for Reviews: In Solana, each review will be an on-chain account owned by the review program. This account will store details of the review, such as the user’s public key, business key, rating, and review text.

Solana Smart Contract Example:

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;

// Define the review struct (Review account)
#[account]
pub struct Review {
    pub reviewer: Pubkey,  // user's wallet address
    pub business: Pubkey,  // business's wallet address
    pub review_text: String,
    pub rating: u8,
    pub timestamp: i64,
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct SubmitReview<'info> {
    #[account(init, payer = user, space = 8 + Review::LEN)]
    pub review: Account<'info, Review>,    // The review account
    #[account(mut)]
    pub user: Signer<'info>,               // The user's wallet
    #[account(mut)]
    pub business: AccountInfo<'info>,      // The business account
    pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}

impl Review {
    const LEN: usize = 32 + 32 + 4 + 255 + 1 + 8;  // Define the size of the account
}

#[program]
pub mod solana_marketplace {
    use super::*;

    // Function to submit a review after verifying the transaction
    pub fn submit_review(ctx: Context<SubmitReview>, review_text: String, rating: u8) -> Result<()> {
        let review = &mut ctx.accounts.review;

        // Store the review details on-chain
        review.reviewer = *ctx.accounts.user.key;
        review.business = *ctx.accounts.business.key;
        review.review_text = review_text;
        review.rating = rating;
        review.timestamp = Clock::get()?.unix_timestamp;

        Ok(())
    }
}

Key Notes for Review Verification on Solana:

  • Account Size: Reviews are stored in on-chain accounts. We define the size of each account when creating it.

  • Account Initialization: We initialize the account for the review using the user’s and business's public keys, ensuring only verified participants can submit reviews.

2. Token Incentive System

For the token incentive system, we will leverage SPL Tokens (Solana’s token standard) to mint and distribute tokens to users and businesses.

Step-by-Step Flow:

  • Mint Tokens as Rewards: When a user leaves a verified review, we mint a reward in SPL tokens to the user’s wallet.

  • Business Engagement Rewards: Businesses are also rewarded in SPL tokens for participation and promotions.

Solana Token Incentive Example:

Here we assume you already have an SPL token created.

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct RewardUser<'info> {
    #[account(mut)]
    pub user: Signer<'info>,            // User's wallet
    #[account(mut)]
    pub token_mint: AccountInfo<'info>, // Token mint account
    #[account(mut)]
    pub token_account: Account<'info, TokenAccount>, // User's token account
    #[account(mut)]
    pub token_program: Program<'info, Token>,
}

// Mint tokens as a reward for leaving a review
pub fn reward_user(ctx: Context<RewardUser>, amount: u64) -> Result<()> {
    // Mint tokens to the user's associated token account
    let cpi_accounts = MintTo {
        mint: ctx.accounts.token_mint.to_account_info(),
        to: ctx.accounts.token_account.to_account_info(),
        authority: ctx.accounts.user.to_account_info(),
    };

    let cpi_program = ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info();
    let cpi_ctx = CpiContext::new(cpi_program, cpi_accounts);
    
    // Mint the specified amount of tokens to the user
    token::mint_to(cpi_ctx, amount)?;

    Ok(())
}

Key Notes for Token Incentives on Solana:

  • SPL Token Integration: Use the Token program to mint tokens as rewards to users and businesses.

  • Token Minting Logic: The mint_to function mints tokens to the user's token account.

3. Community Voting Mechanism

For voting on reviews, we can create a program that stores the upvotes and downvotes for each review and adjusts the ranking accordingly.

Step-by-Step Flow in Solana:

  • Voting Account: Each review will have a separate account to track votes. The account stores the total number of upvotes and downvotes.

  • Weighted Voting with Tokens: Users holding more tokens can have greater influence over voting. You can design the program to factor in token balances when votes are cast.

Solana Voting Mechanism Example:

#[account]
pub struct ReviewVotes {
    pub upvotes: u64,
    pub downvotes: u64,
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct VoteOnReview<'info> {
    #[account(mut)]
    pub user: Signer<'info>,              // User's wallet
    #[account(mut)]
    pub review: Account<'info, Review>,   // Review account
    #[account(mut)]
    pub review_votes: Account<'info, ReviewVotes>,  // Review votes account
}

// Function to upvote or downvote a review
pub fn vote_on_review(ctx: Context<VoteOnReview>, upvote: bool) -> Result<()> {
    let review_votes = &mut ctx.accounts.review_votes;

    if upvote {
        review_votes.upvotes += 1;
    } else {
        review_votes.downvotes += 1;
    }

    Ok(())
}

Key Notes for Voting Mechanism on Solana:

  • Vote Tracking: Each review has an associated vote account that stores the number of upvotes and downvotes.

  • Weighted Voting (Optional): You could extend this contract to include weighted voting based on the user’s token holdings.

4. Security and Edge Cases in Solana Programs

Security Measures:

  • Transaction Verification: Use CPI (Cross-Program Invocation) to verify on-chain transactions between users and businesses before allowing review submissions.

  • Anti-Sybil Protections: Implement measures such as requiring a certain token balance or prior transactions to avoid Sybil attacks (multiple fake accounts manipulating reviews).

Additional Considerations:

  • PDA Usage for Secure Account Creation: Use Program Derived Addresses (PDA) for creating secure accounts (such as review accounts) tied to user wallets. PDAs prevent unauthorized account creation and manipulation.

Next Steps for Solana Integration

  1. Deploy on Solana Devnet: Deploy the above programs to the Devnet for testing.

  2. Front-End Integration: Integrate the contracts into your front-end using Anchor’s IDL (Interface Definition Language) to easily call and interact with the programs.

  3. Tokenomics Finalization: Finalize your tokenomics model, ensuring reward distribution is balanced and sustainable.

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